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Cost of Living Comparison Calculator

Compares the cost of living in two states with the federal government's own regional price parities, and gives the salary that keeps the same standard of living. Your share of spending on rent or a mortgage re-weights the comparison, because rents differ between states far more than the rest of spending taken together. Optional state income-tax rates and a saving share turn it from a price comparison into a pay comparison.

Last updated

Calculator overview

Inputs and outputs

This summary comes from the calculator's published input and output contract.

Inputs

New Place (required)
About this input

The state you are thinking of moving to, or the national average. Choosing the same place as now leaves only the housing costs or tax rates you enter to move the answer, and the status line says so.

Default California Allowed United States (national average), Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
New Housing Cost
When omitted Blank
About this input

Optional. What you expect to pay each month for rent or a mortgage at the new place. It is used only together with your current figure, when both are above zero; a blank or zero means not entered.

Unit $/month Default Not set Range 0 to 8000
Savings Share
When omitted Blank
About this input

Optional. The share of your take-home pay you save rather than spend. The saved part is carried over in dollars and not re-priced, because price levels measure what spending buys. A blank reads as nothing, so the whole salary is re-priced, which is the federal statistics' own practice. It is the same quantity as the savings share the 50/30/20 Budget Split calculator reports only while that calculator's three payroll add-backs are left blank, and only up to this input's 50 percent ceiling; a share enters to the nearest whole point.

Unit fraction Default Not set Range 0 to 0.5
New State Rate
When omitted Blank
About this input

Optional. The same flat state income-tax rate for the new place. A blank reads as nothing. With both rates entered, the salary at the new place is raised or lowered so that pay after state tax buys the same spending.

Unit fraction Default Not set Range 0 to 0.133
Housing Share (required)
About this input

The share of what you spend, not of what you earn, that goes on rent or a mortgage payment, at your current place's prices. It is the one weight you set: rent is priced by the rent levels, and everything else by the price level the all-items figure implies once rent is taken out. A typical household spends about a quarter, which is the Consumer Expenditure Survey's shelter spending for 2024 over what households spent on goods and services. The share at which the published all-items figure fits you exactly is reported with the results. It also runs across the top of the table.

Unit fraction Default 0.25 Range 0 to 0.6
Current Housing Cost
When omitted Blank
About this input

Optional. What you pay now each month for rent, or the whole mortgage payment. Enter it together with the new place's figure and rent is priced from your own two figures instead of from the two states' rent levels, which is how to price a particular city or home. A blank or zero means not entered. With only one of the two entered, the published rent levels are used and the status line says so.

Unit $/month Default Not set Range 0 to 8000
Annual Salary (required)
About this input

What you are paid now for a year, before any tax, or your household's combined pay if the whole household is moving. The comparison re-prices this salary at the new place, so it is the figure the equivalent salary is measured from. It has to be above zero. It also runs down the side of the table, in steps either side of your own figure.

Unit $/year Default 51000 Range 10000 to 500000
Current State Rate
When omitted Blank
About this input

Optional. A flat state income-tax rate for where you live now, as a share of your salary before tax; use an effective rate if your state's rates are graduated. Leave it blank and it reads as nothing, so the comparison is of prices alone, which is how published price levels are compared. For a state with one flat rate the rate is reported with the results to help you fill this in. Enter a rate for both places or for neither: a rate for one place only, where the other place taxes wages, is charged as a change in full, and the status line warns you.

Unit fraction Default Not set Range 0 to 0.133
Current Place (required)
About this input

The state where you live now, or the national average. Every price level is read for this place and for the new one, and the comparison is the ratio of the two. The national average is on the list so that you can compare a state with the country as a whole. A state's figure averages its cities with its countryside, so a large city usually costs more than its state; enter your own two housing costs to price a particular city.

Default Texas Allowed United States (national average), Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Outputs

Other Price Change
About this output

How much higher, or lower, everything except rent is at the new place. It is inferred from the all-items price level with rent taken out at the national rent weight, because no current weights are published for goods, utilities and other services on their own.

Unit fraction
Parity Rent Share
About this output

The share of spending that rent represents in the national measure at your current place's prices. With no tax rate, saving or housing costs of your own entered, a household spending exactly this share on rent gets the all-items figure; spend more on rent and a move where rents rise more than everything else, or fall less, costs you more than that figure says, while a move where they rise less, or fall more, costs you less.

Unit fraction
Salary Difference
About this output

The equivalent salary less your current salary: how much more the new place needs for the same standard of living, or with a minus sign how much less. It is the sum of the three parts of the change reported with the results, and it is the figure the table tabulates.

Unit $/year
New State Tax
About this output

State income tax on the equivalent salary at the new place, at the rate you entered; zero when the rate is blank.

Unit $/year
New Place Flat Rate
About this output

The new state's flat income-tax rate for 2026, on the same basis: its one rate where it has a flat rate, zero where it does not tax wages, and blank where its rates are graduated or for the national average. Georgia's is the 4.99 percent that a June 2026 BDO report says House Bill 463 sets for 2026, not confirmed on a Georgia revenue site (the Tax Foundation's table of 1 January prints 5.19). Utah is reported to have cut its 4.50 percent since, at a rate not yet confirmed, and any state may change its rate.

Unit fraction
New Place Wage Tax
About this output

How the new state taxes wages, on the same basis: None, Flat rate, Graduated rates, or Varies by state for the national average.

No unit declared
New Rent Parity
About this output

The new place's rent level in 2024, with the national rent level at 100.

Unit index
Table1 Cost Of Living Row Axis
About this output

The salaries down the side of the table, in steps of 5,000 either side of yours and never below 1,000. The middle entry is your own salary.

No unit declared
Table1 Cost Of Living Row Input
About this output

Machinery, and NOT an input. While the table is filled, each salary on its side is put here in turn; the rest of the time it mirrors your current annual salary. Change the salary itself, never this: the axis is built from the salary, so editing the mirror moves the axis while the table walks and the table comes out meaningless.

Unit currency/yr
Table1 Cost Of Living Values
About this output

The body of the table: the change from your current salary, worked out again for every pair of salary and rent share on its two axes. One hundred and twenty-one figures, each the whole calculation run again with everything else as you entered it. It is a component of the table rather than a result on its own.

Unit currency/yr
Table1 Cost Of Living Corner
About this output

Machinery. A two-way table needs the figure being tabulated in its top-left corner, where it means nothing to a reader, so it is formatted away. It holds the change from your current salary.

Unit currency/yr
State Tax Change
About this output

The part of the change that comes from state income tax: the tax on the equivalent salary at the new rate less the tax on your salary now. It is zero unless you entered a rate. Federal and payroll taxes are treated as the same share of pay after state tax in both places, so for a typical earner this part understates a difference in state rates by roughly a fifth to a quarter.

Unit $/year
Table1 Cost Of Living Column Axis
About this output

The rent shares across the top of the table, in steps of 3 points either side of yours and kept between 0 and 100 percent. The middle entry is your own share.

No unit declared
Table1 Cost Of Living Column Input
About this output

Machinery, and NOT an input. The same for the rent share across the top: each share is put here in turn while the table is filled, and the rest of the time it mirrors your share of spending on rent or mortgage.

Unit fraction
New All Items Parity
About this output

The new place's price level for everything together in 2024, with the national average at 100.

Unit index
Current Place Flat Rate
About this output

The current state's flat income-tax rate for 2026, shown to help you fill in the optional rate: its one rate where it has a flat rate, zero where it does not tax wages, and blank where its rates are graduated or for the national average. It comes from the Tax Foundation's table as of 1 January 2026, except Georgia's, which is the 4.99 percent that a June 2026 BDO report says House Bill 463 sets for 2026, not confirmed on a Georgia revenue site (the table prints 5.19). Utah is reported to have cut its 4.50 percent since, at a rate not yet confirmed, and any state may change its rate.

Unit fraction
Current Place Wage Tax
About this output

How your current state taxes wages, by the Tax Foundation's table of 1 January 2026: None, Flat rate, Graduated rates, or Varies by state for the national average. It is shown to help you fill in the optional rate, and it decides two of the status warnings.

No unit declared
Current Rent Parity
About this output

Your current place's rent level in 2024, with the national rent level at 100. It is measured from tenants' rents; owners' housing is priced from rents in the same measure.

Unit index
Current All Items Parity
About this output

Your current place's price level for everything together in 2024, with the national average at 100.

Unit index
All Items Change
About this output

How much higher, or lower, prices of everything together are at the new place than now, by the published all-items price levels for 2024.

Unit fraction
All Items Equivalent Salary
About this output

Your salary scaled by the ratio of the two places' all-items price levels, with no re-weighting and no tax or saving. This is the figure the published price levels give on their own, and the federal statistics' own way of adjusting income for prices.

Unit $/year
Cost Of Living Change
About this output

How much more, or less, your own spending costs at the new place: rent weighted by your share of spending on it, and everything else by the rest. It differs from the all-items change whenever your rent share differs from the share the national measure implies.

Unit fraction
Housing Basis
About this output

Says how rent was priced: from the published rent levels of the two states, or from your own two housing costs when you entered both above zero.

No unit declared
Housing Price Change
About this output

How much higher, or lower, rent is at the new place than now: the ratio of the two states' rent levels, or of your own two housing costs when you entered both. Across the states, rents differ far more than the rest of spending taken together, which is why your own share of spending on rent moves the answer; utilities on their own spread about as widely as rents, and this calculation prices them with everything else.

Unit fraction
Model Status
About this output

Reads OK, or explains why the inputs cannot be compared, or why the answer deserves a second look: the same place twice, one housing cost without the other, or a state income-tax rate that does not fit the place it was entered for.

No unit declared
Extra For Housing
About this output

The part of the change that comes from rent or mortgage: your spending at current prices, after state tax and less the share you save, times your rent share, times the change in rent prices. Negative where rent is cheaper at the new place.

Unit $/year
Current State Tax
About this output

State income tax on your salary now at the rate you entered; zero when the rate is blank.

Unit $/year
Equivalent Salary
About this output

The salary before tax at the new place that buys the same basket of spending and keeps the same saving, with the state income-tax rates you entered. It is a price comparison and not a forecast of what employers there pay.

Unit $/year
Extra For Everything Else
About this output

The part of the change that comes from everything except rent, priced the same way with the rest of your spending. Negative where everything else is cheaper at the new place.

Unit $/year
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Methodology

Purpose and model boundary

Compares the cost of living in two states with the federal government's own regional price parities, and gives the salary that keeps the same standard of living. Your share of spending on rent or a mortgage re-weights the comparison, because rents differ between states far more than the rest of spending taken together. Optional state income-tax rates and a saving share turn it from a price comparison into a pay comparison.

The workbook is the calculation authority. The page groups and explains its inputs and returned figures; it does not reproduce the financial logic in browser code.

Inputs and units

Input Unit Accepted range What it means
New Place choice listed options The state you are thinking of moving to, or the national average.
New Housing Cost $/month 0 through 8000 Optional.
Savings Share % 0% through 50% Optional.
New State Rate % 0% through 13.3% Optional.
Housing Share % 0% through 60% The share of what you spend, not of what you earn, that goes on rent or a mortgage payment, at your current place's prices.
Current Housing Cost $/month 0 through 8000 Optional.
Annual Salary $/year 10000 through 500000 What you are paid now for a year, before any tax, or your household's combined pay if the whole household is moving.
Current State Rate % 0% through 13.3% Optional.
Current Place choice listed options The state where you live now, or the national average.

Governing relationships

The published regional price parities are ratios to a national level of 100. A component at 110 is modelled as costing 10 percent more than the national level for that component.

Housing and the rest of household spending are scaled separately using the entered housing share, then combined with the entered saving share.

The state-tax adjustment compares the disposable share left after the entered state rate in each place.

Equivalent salary is the gross salary at the new place that supports the same modelled housing, other spending and saving as the current salary.

Calculation sequence

  1. The published regional price parities are ratios to a national level of 100. A component at 110 is modelled as costing 10 percent more than the national level for that component.

  2. Housing and the rest of household spending are scaled separately using the entered housing share, then combined with the entered saving share.

  3. The state-tax adjustment compares the disposable share left after the entered state rate in each place.

  4. Equivalent salary is the gross salary at the new place that supports the same modelled housing, other spending and saving as the current salary.

  5. Rerun the calculation across the delivered two-way table and chart ranges so the effect of changing the stated assumptions is visible.

Outputs and interpretation

Output Role Unit What it means
Salary Difference primary $/year The equivalent salary less your current salary: how much more the new place needs for the same standard of living, or with a minus sign how much less.
Cost Of Living Change primary % How much more, or less, your own spending costs at the new place: rent weighted by your share of spending on it, and everything else by the rest.
Equivalent Salary primary $/year The salary before tax at the new place that buys the same basket of spending and keeps the same saving, with the state income-tax rates you entered.

Model Status reports whether the workbook accepted the current entries and whether an assumption deserves review. It describes model health, not whether the calculated outcome is good or bad.

Every figure above is returned by the workbook. The page arranges and formats the figures; it computes none of them.

Validation and status logic

Condition Returned status
The entries are accepted and no additional model warning applies OK
the current and new places are the same, so only the housing costs or tax rates you entered can change the result. CHECK: the current and new places are the same, so only the housing costs or tax rates you entered can change the result.
only one housing cost was entered, so the published rent parities were used; enter both to price housing from your own figures. CHECK: only one housing cost was entered, so the published rent parities were used; enter both to price housing from your own figures.
a state income-tax rate was entered for a place that does not tax wages. CHECK: a state income-tax rate was entered for a place that does not tax wages.

Assumptions and limitations

  • State figures average cities, suburbs and rural areas and may not describe a particular neighbourhood.
  • Federal and payroll tax treatment is held constant between the two places.
  • Sales tax, property tax and moving costs are outside the model unless they are already reflected in the costs entered.

Restrictions and non-computing states

Numeric entries outside the accepted ranges above are refused before calculation. A state the workbook itself marks NOT VALID returns no usable answer. Optional blanks follow the workbook's documented treatment and are not silently replaced by page logic.

The sensitivity table is a set of recalculations across its two axes. It is not a probability surface or a forecast.

Errors and warnings

NOT VALID means the entered question cannot be computed as stated. CHECK means the workbook returned figures but identified an assumption or combination that deserves attention. OK means the current entries passed the workbook's model checks; it does not mean the financial outcome is recommended.

A transport or service failure is reported separately and never replaced with a stale or partial result.

References

Sources and further reading

These sources provide background; they do not supply the calculator's assumptions or certify its result. Values that vary by household, offer, place or time remain inputs for the reader to check.

This calculator is informational and is not financial, investment, or tax advice. Verify important decisions against current official rules, the actual offer or account terms, and an appropriately qualified professional.

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